And while staying with them he ordered them not to depart from Jerusalem, but to wait for the promise of the Father, which, he said, “you heard from me; for John baptized with water, but you will be baptized with the Holy Spirit not many days from now.. But you will receive power when the Holy Spirit has come upon you, and you will be my witnesses in Jerusalem and in all Judea and Samaria, and to the end of the earth.” (Acts 1:4-5,8).
This prophecy reaches its fulfilment in Acts 2:1–36 at Pentecost, and in Acts 11:16 Peter retrospectively identifies the same fulfilment was now extended to the Gentiles. (Acts 10:44–48; 11:15–18).
When the day of Pentecost arrived, they were all together in one place. And suddenly there came from heaven a sound like a mighty rushing wind, and it filled the entire house where they were sitting. And divided tongues as of fire appeared to them and rested on each one of them. And they were all filled with the Holy Spirit and began to speak in other tongues as the Spirit gave them utterance. (Acts 2:2-4).
Acts records boundary‑marking, unrepeatable events, not a normative spiritual sequence. Misinterpretation arises when isolated episodes (Acts 2, 8,10,19) are extracted from their historical function and re‑cast as a mandatory pattern for all believers. This collapses Luke’s narrative purpose into a modern experiential template and imposes a prescriptive framework the text itself does not establish.
Several difficulties arise from this interpretation. Paul directs believers to pursue the gifts of the Spirit, not a secondary “baptism in the Spirit”. (1 Corinthians 14:1; 12:1). The Spirit is given at conversion, and the distribution of gifts is governed by the Spirit’s own will. (1 Corinthians 12:11). The Assemblies of God adds that this alleged post‑conversion baptism is initially evidenced by the physical phenomenon of speaking in other tongues (glossolalia). The idea that Spirit baptism is a distinct, post‑conversion experience tied to tongues emerged in 1901 (Topeka) and 1906 (Azusa Street). This claim stands at odds with Paul’s rhetorical differentiation of the gifts—“Do all speak in tongues” (1 Corinthians 12:30)—which assumes that the gift of tongues is not universally bestowed.
A further argument presented by Pentecostal interpreters is that the disciples were commissioned and received the Spirit before Pentecost. (John 20:22). The apparent tension arises because scripture also affirms that the Spirit would be given after Jesus was glorified. (John 7:39; 16:7). The most coherent reading is that the disciples serve as forerunners, while Pentecost marks the point at which the Spirit is given to all believers. No single text establishes a template for a later, secondary experience.
Gann: "receive ... This gift fulfilled many promises that the Spirit would be sent (John 14:16, John 14:26; john 15:26; John 16:7, John 16:13). It foreshadows the arrival of the Spirit’s empowering presence at Pentecost (Acts 1:4-5; Acts 2:1–47)."6
Pentecostal interpreters frequently appeal to Acts 8:14–17 and 19:1–7, where individuals identified as believers or disciples receive the Holy Spirit.
These problems are intensified by the additional hierarchical layers introduced through so‑called Apostles and Prophets of the New Apostolic Reformation during the 1980s and 90s. Peter C Wagner’s framework has generated further divisions and has produced an unbiblical, distorted, and frequently abusive structure that bears little resemblance to the New Testament pattern. The defective fruit produced by many NAR “apostles and prophets” indicates the operation of a different spirit. (2 Corinthians 11:4; Matthew 7:16).
1. Strong's Greek: 1722. ἐν (en) -- in, on, at, by, with, among3. Statement of Faith – General Council of the Assemblies of God of the Mariana and Palau Islands
4. Anthony C. Thiselton, The First Epistle to the Corinthians: A Commentary on the Greek Text, New International Greek Testament Commentary (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2000), 997–98.
5. John 20 Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers
6. John 20 - Gann's Commentary on the Bible - Bible Commentaries - StudyLight.org

